In-Text Citation
APA Style uses parenthetical, author-date citations. After a quote, add parentheses containing the author's name, the year of publication, and the page number of the work. A typical APA in-text citation with one author will look like this “Quote” (Author Last Name, Publishing Year, pp. #).
Example: "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog" (Seuss, 2007, pp. 7-8).
However, APA In-Text Citations can vary depending on a variety of factors below are just a few common variations for APA In-Text citation
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If using more than one work by the same author, use the letters a, b, etc., after the year. |
"The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog" (Seuss, 2007a, pp. 7-8). |
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If more than one author has the same last name, add their first initial. |
"The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog" (D. Seuss, 2007, pp. 7-8). |
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If using the author's name in the text, do not include it in the parentheses. |
In his scholarly study, Dr. Seuss observed that "the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog" (2007, pp. 7-8). |
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If no author name is available, use the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title). Use quotation marks around titles of articles or web pages and italicize titles of books, periodicals, etc. |
"The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog" (Fox in Socks, 2007). |
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If page numbers are not available, use paragraph numbers instead. |
"The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog" (Seuss, 2007, para. 5). |
*Note: When paraphrasing or mentioning another work, providing paragraph or page number information is helpful if the source text is long or difficult, or if it would help the reader find the text paraphrased.
Indirect Quotes Format
Indirect quote: When you want to cite a quote you found in a work that was quoted from someone else’s work.
Primary source: The source in which the quote was originally from.
Secondary source: The source that cited a quote from another work.
Example:
Primary source: Sipher 1993
Secondary source: Jones 2005
In-text Citation Formats:
Narrative citation
According to Sipher (1993), "schools have failed their primary duty of education" (as cited in Jones, 2005, p.54).
Parenthetical citations
Some scholars believe that "schools have failed their primary duty of education" (Sipher, 1993, as cited in Jones, 2005, p.54).
Reference List
In the reference list you would include the citation of the secondary source and not the primary source, unless you are able to find the primary source of the quote. If you find the primary source, you can include that in your reference list.
When adding a title that is in a foreign language, follow these basic rules:
For German, capitalize the first word and all nouns.
For French, capitalize THROUGH the first noun in the title.
For Italian and other languages, capitalize just the first word.
*Note: Always capitalize all proper nouns.
When citing a non-English reference work, use the original title followed by the English translation of the title in brackets.
Sample Reference:
Kluge, F. (2002). Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological dictionary of the German language] (24th ed.). de Gruyter.